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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1767 |
| | | Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon complete a four-year survey to establish the boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland | |
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| 1767 |
| | | Work begins on Edinburgh's New Town, to the design of the 23-year-old architect James Craig | |
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| 1767 |
| | | The British Chancellor, Charles Townshend, passes a series of acts taxing all glass, lead, paint, paper and tea imported into the American colonies | |
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| 1768 |
| | | Captain James Cook sails from Plymouth, in England, heading for Tahiti to observe the transit of Venus | |
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| 1768 |
| | | A French artist, Jean Baptiste le Prince, discovers the aquatint technique in printmaking | |
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| 1768 |
| | | A Society of Gentlemen in Scotland begins publication of the immensely successful Encyclopaedia Britannica | |
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| 1768 |
| | | Corsica is sold to France by the republic of Genoa | |
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| 1768 |
| | | A border incident at Balta, in the southern Ukraine, sparks a war between Russia and Turkey that will last six years | |
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| 1768 |
| | | The Royal Academy is established in London, with Joshua Reynolds as its first president | |
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| 1769 |
| | | Captain Cook's distinguished passengers, Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander, collect valuable specimens of Pacific flora | |
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| 1769 |
| | | Franciscan missionary Junipero Serra begins work at San Diego de Cala, the first of his nine California missions | |
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| 1769 |
| | | Captain Cook observes in Tahiti the transit of Venus, the primary purpose of his voyage to the Pacific | |
|  | Hodges Tahiti Revisited (detail)
National Maritime Museum
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| 1769 |
| | | Captain Cook reaches New Zealand and sets off to chart its entire coastline | |
|  | Hodges Dusky Bay, New Zealand (detail)
National Maritime Museum
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| 1769 |
| | | French inventor Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot successfully tests a steam wagon, probably the first working mechanical vehicle | |
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| c. 1770 |
| | | The triangular trade, controlled from Liverpool, ships millions of Africans across the Atlantic as slaves | |
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| 1770 |
| | | British troops fire into an unruly crowd in Boston, Massachusetts, killing five | |
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| 1770 |
| | | 17-year-old Thomas Chatterton, later hailed as a significant poet, commits suicide in a London garret | |
|  | Thomas Chatterton, engraving after unknown artist, c.1768
National Portrait Gallery, London
Enlarge on linked site
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| 1770 |
| | | In response to American protests, the British government removes the Townshend duties on all commodities with the exception of tea | |
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| 1770 |
| | | 27-year-old Thomas Jefferson begins constructing a mansion on a hilltop in Charlottesville, calling it Monticello ('little mountain') | |
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| 1771 |
| | | English entrepreneur Richard Arkwright adds water power to spinning by means of the water frame | |
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| 1771 |
| | | Richard Arkwright pioneers the factory environment with his cotton mill at Cromford in Derbyshire | |
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| 1772 |
| | | Russia, Prussia and Austria agree a treaty enabling them to divide the spoils in the first partition of Poland | |
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| 1772 |
| | | The first partition of Poland begins the process of Lithuania being progressively absorbed into Russia | |
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| 1772 |
| | | Gustavus III achieves a coup d'état which brings executive power in Sweden back into royal hands | |
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| 1772 |
| | | Captain Cook sets off, in HMS Resolution, on his second voyage to the southern hemisphere | |
|  | Mourner's costume from Tahiti
Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford
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| 1772 |
| | | Haydn's Farewell Symphony gives a subtle hint to his employer at Esterházy that it is time for the musicians to return home | |
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| 1773 |
| | | English prison reformer John Howard is shocked into action by the conditions he sees in Bedford gaol | |
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| 1773 |
| | | The London brokers who meet to do business in Jonathan's coffee house decide to call themselves the Stock Exchange | |
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| 1773 |
| | | Oliver Goldsmith's play She Stoops to Conquer is produced in London's Covent Garden theatre | |
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| 1773 |
| | | Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele isolates oxygen but does not immediately publish his achievement | |
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| 1773 |
| | | Samuel Johnson and James Boswell undertake a journey together to the western islands of Scotland | |
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